Abstract
<jats:p>Epidural hematoma is a neurosurgical emergency characterized by the accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the inner table of the skull, usually resulting from traumatic brain injury. Its rapid clinical progression and the risk of neurological deterioration make early diagnosis and immediate intervention critical determinants of prognosis. This Narrative Literature Review analyzed the main aspects related to the neurosurgical management of epidural hematoma, with emphasis on early diagnosis and emergency treatment. Evidence indicates that computed tomography is the diagnostic modality of choice, allowing rapid identification of the lesion and determination of the need for surgical intervention. Surgical evacuation via craniotomy remains the standard treatment in cases meeting severity criteria and is associated with better outcomes when performed early. It is concluded that prompt action, based on clinical and radiological criteria and combined with appropriate neurosurgical management, is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.</jats:p>