Abstract
<jats:p>Ascending aortic aneurysms represent a highly severe cardiovascular condition, associated with a significant risk of dissection and rupture—events that are potentially fatal. Surgical treatment constitutes the main therapeutic strategy in selected cases, particularly when intervention criteria are met based on aortic diameter, growth rate, and associated clinical conditions. This Narrative Literature Review analyzed the main surgical techniques used in the treatment of ascending aortic aneurysms, as well as their clinical outcomes. Evidence demonstrates that procedures such as ascending aorta replacement, the Bentall operation, and valve-sparing techniques yield favorable results in terms of survival and reduction of complications, especially when performed in experienced centers. Advances in surgical techniques, cerebral protection strategies, patient selection, and perioperative care have contributed to a progressive improvement in outcomes. It is concluded that the choice of surgical technique should be individualized, taking into account anatomical characteristics, aneurysm etiology, involvement of the aortic root, the patient’s clinical condition, and the expertise of the surgical team.</jats:p>