This manual is a follow-up to the two-part manual on translation of international documents by E. E. Osetrova and D. K. Davletshina "Challenges to International Security" (M., MGIMO-University, 2023-2024).The manual has an identical structure, but it focuses on new challenges to security - hybrid wars, non-linear warfare and asymetric confl icts, information-and cybersecurity warfare. The manual is designed for students majoring in International Relations and Regional Studies with B2 level of English.

<jats:p>This manual is a follow-up to the two-part manual on translation of international documents by E. E. Osetrova and D. K. Davletshina "Challenges to International Security" (M., MGIMO-University, 2023-2024).The manual has an identical structure, but it focuses on new challenges to security - hybrid wars, non-linear warfare and asymetric confl icts, information-and cybersecurity warfare. The manual is designed for students majoring in International Relations and Regional Studies with B2 level of English.</jats:p>