Abstract
<jats:p>Sepsis is a serious condition that arises when the body’s response to an infection becomes unregulated, leading to severe illness. This involves a dangerous imbalance between inflammation—characterised by cytokine storms and immune activation—and immunosuppression. This cascade can result in widespread endothelial damage, microthrombi formation, and multiorgan dysfunction, ultimately leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Sepsis can develop in anyone with an infection, whether acquired in the community or hospital, and is particularly common in individuals with severe injuries or serious noncommunicable diseases. Its impact on global health is substantial, affecting financial resources and quality of life.Effective management relies on promptly identifying the infectious source, early assessment, accurate diagnosis, and continuous monitoring. Sepsis scoring systems, such as SOFA, APACHE, and qSOFA, provide frameworks for evaluating organ dysfunction and guiding treatment. Imaging technologies, including point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), CT, MRI, and AI, enhance diagnostic capabilities. Traditional lab methods, like blood cultures and Gram staining, require 48 to 72 hours for accurate results. However, automated systems and molecular techniques offer rapid pathogen identification, especially in complex cases. Additionally, biomarkers such as procalcitonin improve diagnostic accuracy and support early evaluation, treatment decisions, and prognosis in sepsis cases.</jats:p>