Abstract
<jats:p>This article analyzes the effectiveness of Law No. 14,181/2021, known as the over-indebtedness law, in relation to the vulnerability of elderly consumers. The study is based on the observation that the increase in credit supply and the expansion of consumer relations have contributed to the growth of indebtedness among the population, especially among older adults. In this context, it seeks to understand whether the mechanisms introduced by this legislation are capable of providing effective protection to this social group. In light of this, the study addresses the following question: Can Law No. 14,181/2021 truly protect elderly consumers? Therefore, the general objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the Over-Indebtedness Law in relation to the vulnerability of elderly consumers, seeking to understand how the legal instruments provided by the legislation contribute to preventing and addressing situations of excessive indebtedness. As a specific objective, the study aims to reflect on how the judiciary can resolve disputes and protect elderly consumers. The methodology adopted consists of a bibliographic review based on the analysis of doctrine, legislation, and case law related to the topic. Regarding its objectives and methods, the research is classified as qualitative, descriptive, and explanatory. The results indicate that Law No. 14,181/2021 represents an important advancement in consumer protection by introducing mechanisms aimed at preventing over-indebtedness and preserving a minimum standard of living. By promoting responsible credit practices and financial reorganization, the legislation seeks to ensure greater balance in consumer relations. However, its effectiveness depends on the joint action of the judiciary, consumer protection agencies, and the implementation of public policies focused on financial education. It is concluded that the enactment of Law No. 14,181/2021 represents a significant advancement in the protection of Brazilian consumers.</jats:p>