Abstract
<jats:p>Natural disasters have caused significant human and material losses in Türkiye. Appropriate housing typologies and spatial planning are therefore critical for reducing impacts, supporting recovery, and strengthening resilience. This study explores the types of temporary and permanent housing solutions adopted in Türkiye, analyzing the urban fabric of affected areas with a focus on site selection processes. Findings reveal the need to improve preparedness, move beyond temporary housing, and reassess existing typologies. Incremental housing emerges as a flexible and adaptive model, integrating energy-efficient design, low-carbon materials, and renewable systems to enhance sustainability and resilience. The Incremental and Energy-Resilient Housing Model (IERHM) holistically addresses resilience by combining physical safety, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. Comparisons with underground shelter models show that while incremental housing fosters social adaptability, underground shelter provides greater physical resilience. Moreover, short-term housing solutions aligned with social housing principles are identified as essential tools for post-disaster recovery.</jats:p>