Abstract
<jats:p>This chapter analyzes digital inclusion among adults aged 45 and older in Türkiye, emphasizing productive digital engagement, labor market participation, and subjective well-being. The study goes beyond just measuring internet access by using principal component analysis to create a Productive Digital Use Index (DPI). This index measures how much people use the internet for education, information, communication, and market-related activities. Utilizing nationally representative data from the 2021 Türkiye Family Structure Survey, the results indicate a significant age decline and a distinct education gradient in productive digital engagement. For women, attachment to the labor market is especially important, while health is still a major barrier. Using digital technology in a productive way is linked to higher levels of subjective well-being, but the effect is not as strong as that of health and marital status. Overall, digital engagement serves as a supplementary resource situated within wider socio-economic disparities rather than as a replacement for structural benefits.</jats:p>