Abstract
<jats:p>Relevance. Irradiation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland) as a result of the Chernobyl accident is an important factor in the occurrence of its pathology. At the same time, there are many other factors that cause its diseases. Elucidation of these factors and their elimination may be an important point for reducing the negative effects of thyroid irradiation. The aim Assessment of the risks of thyroid pathology in the case of deficiency of essential elements in residents of the northern region of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the Ukrainian-Belarusian-American thyroid project, iodine status was determined in 11,926 cohort members who were from 0 to 18 years old at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Essential element supply was studied in 107 people with thyroid pathology, including 55 people with diagnosed nodular goiter, 20 people with thyroid cancer confirmed by postoperative histological examination and 32 with diagnosed latent autoimmune thyroiditis and 125 people in the control group. All examined with an irradiation dose (thyroid) <0.3Gy - <1Gy. Determination of iodine content in urine was carried out by the cerium-arsenite method in the Dunn modification. The study of the content of trace elements (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) in blood serum was carried out after microwave mineralization of blood plasma samples by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma on the Optima 2100 DV device from Perkin Elmer (USA). Results and their discussion Studies within the framework of the Ukrainian-American project revealed the presence of acute, moderate and mild iodine deficiency in 80% of the cohort members. Patients with the worst iodine supply (median ioduria -41.2 μg/l) had the highest thyroid irradiation, more than 1 Gy, with a higher iodine status - thyroid irradiation was <0.3 Gy. In the examined patients with nodular goiter, a significantly reduced level of macro- and microelements in blood serum was found compared to corresponding indicators in the control group. The risk of odds ratio (OR) of the current diagnosis of nodular goiter with a reduced Ca content compared to the control group OR=6.93 (95% CI 3.31-14.53) (P<0.001), with a low Mg content - 8.03 (95% CI 3.79-17.0) (P<0.001), with a low Zn level -2.89 (95% CI 1.44-5.83) (P<0.01), with a reduced content - Se 2.59 (95% CI 1.36-4.94) (p<0.001), Fe - 2.94 (95% CI 1.43-6.06) (P<0.01) and Cu - 2.30 (95% CI 1.16-4.59) (P<0.05) . The thyroid radiation dose indicators of this group of patients were highly significantly negatively correlated with age, iron levels (r = 0.327, p = 0.001), copper (r = 0.237, p = 0.009) and selenium (r = 0.338, p = 0.001). The study of the content of trace elements in the group of patients with thyroid cancer (TC) revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the content of Zn in the blood serum compared to the control group and an increased level of Mg and Ca (P < 0.05). The OR for the diagnosis of TC and an increased level of Ca was 8.08 (95% CI 3.82–17.08) and with increased Mg (P < 0.001) was 7.50 (95% CI 3.55–15.81). The risk of developing TC with increased dose radiation OR=2.83 (95% CI 1.39–5.79) (P<0.01) Conclusions. Increased risks of thyroid pathology with a decrease in the level of microelements indicate their important role in the occurrence of thyroid diseases. Improving the provision of essential elements is a real way to reduce the frequency of thyroid diseases in those irradiated after the Chernobyl accident</jats:p>