Abstract
<jats:p>The purpose of the study is to identify, based on archival sources, the activities of the Voronezh Provincial Extraordinary Commission (GubChK) aimed at eliminating banditry and peasant uprisings. The article examines the causes and scale of banditry, its relationship with desertion and unrest in the Voronezh province, methods of struggle and individual operations of the Provincial Extraordinary Commission. The scientific novelty consists in using a number of archival documents that were not previously used by historians, presenting new information that is missing in Russian historiography, or supplementing past scientific works. Based on these sources, the reasons for the widespread wave of banditry and peasant disturbances in the Voronezh province and their structural links are established, and the GubChK’s counter-insurgency methods are analyzed. As a result of the study, the importance of the work of the Chekists in eliminating banditry in the province was determined.</jats:p>