Abstract
<jats:p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease of preterm infants. It can lead to long-term impairment of lung function, greater susceptibility to respiratory infections, delayed neurological development, and reduced tolerance to physical exertion. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of BPD. Glucocorticoids have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. They suppress the translation of pro-inflammatory mediators and activate multiple anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, glucocorticoid use can raise the incidence of cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This risk makes routine use dangerous and requires a treatment regimen that offers the greatest effectiveness with the lowest risk of negative side effects. This review presents a modern strategy for postnatal steroid use. The strategy seeks maximum effect in preventing BPD and reducing the risk of dangerous complications.</jats:p>