Abstract
<jats:p>The monograph presents the results of the analysis, systematization and generalization of the methodology of solving scientific problems by the great scientists of the second half of the XIX and the beginning of the XX century. It is shown that in the methodology of great scientists one can see what is needed for modern science: the study of their heritage gives us perspective. The role of continuity in the development of methodology for solving scientific problems is noted. Proposals have been developed and practical examples have been given of using the basic principles of the methodology of great scientists in solving modern scientific, technical and technological problems in justifying the creation of high-tech products for various purposes within the framework of government programs and projects in the Russian Federation. The presented material has a universal character and can be used in the analysis, systematization and generalization of the methodology of solving scientific problems by great scientists of other eras. It is intended for employees of scientific research organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the military-industrial complex, researchers, teachers and students of higher education.</jats:p>