Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This chapter explores the integration of Problem-Based Learning (PBL), enhanced by Extended Reality (XR) technology, into undergraduate Human Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) courses. The study of A&P is foundational for health science programs, serving as a ‘gateway’ course for nearly half a million students annually in the US and Canada. Traditionally, A&P relies on didactic lectures and rote memorization, but the need for deeper clinical reasoning and applications that mirror professional practice necessitates pedagogical reform. PBL is well-suited to bridge the gap between structure and function by requiring students to solve complex, real-life patient dilemmas. Building on constructivist learning orientation, this chapter details the design and deployment of an innovative, online Unity3D application leveraging hardware like zSpace for 3D visualization of anatomical assets, including CT and MRI segmentations from willed body donor archives. The case studies focus on an XR-enhanced PBL model of an upper extremity trauma case that engages students in collaborative problem-solving, utilizing interactive H5P content and 3D model exploration. Evidence suggests that the XR activities significantly improve students’ confidence, ability to apply course content, and development of spatial reasoning, offering a promising and effective instructional supplement to traditional A&P teaching.</jats:p>