Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The large Jewish concentration and the historical events that happened in the Land of Israel in the last hundred years are a fertile ground for the development of Jewish thought. Therefore, it is not surprising that in this area, and in this period of time, there have been large-scale developments in the world of Jewish thought, which cannot be reviewed in a short article of this type. Therefore, this chapter focuses on positions among Jewish thought about the nature of the State of Israel and the Jewish existence within the state. For this purpose, the chapter uses the taxonomy proposed by Aviezer Ravitzky according to which the historical Jewish consciousness knew two modes—exile and redemption. As part of this, the chapter presents Jewish streams that believed that the State of Israel must be understood in terms of redemption and those that believed that it was in terms of exile. Finally, it presents positions that rejected this dichotomy and adopted different models.</jats:p>