Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics is an annual forum for new work in normative ethical theory. Leading philosophers present original contributions to our understanding of a wide range of moral issues and positions. Volume 16 comprises essays on a variety of topics including kindnesses by Cheshire Calhoun, non-consequentialist axiology by Ralph Wedgwood, self-improvement by Zoë Johnson King, heteronomy and autonomy by Tamar Schapiro, moral worth and backgrounding “ought” by Sarah McGrath, forgiveness and risk by Hannah Tierney, excuses by Julie Tannenbaum, time and the duty of beneficence by Douglas W. Portmore, the comparative claims of victims by Helen Frowe, longtermism by Caleb Perl, and directly collectively self-defeating morality and other forms of normativity by Mark Budolfson.</jats:p>