Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Social policies in Indonesia have changed from being small and unimportant in the early period to becoming prominent currently. Their role increases along with the improvement of the economy, allowing for a shift from a Bismarckian model of welfare to one that is more inclusive. Several crises boosted the importance of social policies and the efforts to mitigate their social impact. This transformation was advocated by both domestic and international policy actors, including policymakers, non-state actors, and international organizations. As a result, Indonesia now has relatively comprehensive social policies. While these policies are considered successful in reducing poverty and improving social welfare, persisting inequality and the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that a new approach to social policies is needed for the future. This new approach requires a more universal provision of social services and needs to be supported by a wider coalition than the current social policies.</jats:p>