Abstract
<jats:p>This chapter examines the latest advancements in the field of biofuel research and development. The main sources used in the production of biofuels are various raw materials such as energy crops, agricultural and forest wastes, algae and waste oils. The environmental impacts of biofuels are addressed, highlighting their positive aspects, such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the decrease in fossil fuel dependency, alongside potential negative impacts on land use, water consumption, and biodiversity. The sustainability of biofuel production is assessed based on criteria such as its economic feasibility, social acceptability, and environmental protection. Finally, international and national policies supporting the development of biofuels are examined, discussing how these policies either promote or hinder the production and use of biofuels. The role of biofuels in achieving climate change targets and the challenges of balancing food security with energy needs are also emphasized. This book chapter addresses the contribution of biofuels to a sustainable energy future from a holistic perspective, examining various factors and their interconnections.</jats:p>