Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This entry concerns multilingual assessment, which can refer to the assessment of multilingual learners' language abilities as well as the assessment of academic subjects in multiple languages. On a practical level, multilingual approaches to assessment can include the incorporation of more than one language in what we can call the “inputs” to the assessment (prompts, instructions, etc.) or in its “outputs” (productions by learners), or both. The importance of considering multilingual approaches to assessment can be argued from a testing perspective, that is, that validity is increased when assessments mirror authentic multilingual practices in society and in the classroom. Another argument is more critically oriented—that multilingual assessment can address historical inequities and decolonize educational systems. This entry provides descriptions of a variety of multilingual assessment practices from around the world, as well as a discussion of challenges to the wider adoption of multilingual assessment.</jats:p>